5.1. Heat exchange. The components of the energy balance.

5.5. Tubular photobioreactors, airlift impulssion and pumps.

5.2. Heat exchangers for photobioreactors.

5.4. Raceways and paddle wheels.

5.3. Fluid impulssion and head loss.

5.6. Bubble columns, flat PBRs, aeration and mixing.

5.7. Specific power and cell stress in microalgal cultures.